eCollection 2020 Sep. Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Olunaike OE, Jimoh LA. Within the dose range studied, the absorption and metabolism of these three glycol ethers by rats was linearly related to the dermally applied dose. Nearly all air concentrations [MEA (n = 68), glycol ethers (n = 79), BA (n = 15), and formaldehyde (n = 45)] were far below (<1/10) of the corresponding Swiss occupational exposure limits (OEL), except for ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether (EGBE). For butoxypropanol and BA, no OELs exist. Oral dosing of adult male F344 rats with the glycol ether 2-methoxyethanol (ME) or its principal metabolite 2-methoxyacetic acid (MAA) results in the suppression of the primary plaque-forming cell (PFC) response to trinitrophenyl-lipopolysaccharide (TNP-LPS). Severe malformations and disturbed hematopoiesis have been linked with exposure to EGME and EGMEA at unknown, probably high, levels. Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) and propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME): inhalation fertility and teratogenicity studies in rats, mice and rabbits. Rodent studies indicate the ME and EE are potentially toxic compounds causing teratogenic, fetotoxic, hematotoxic, and testicular effects. 1. Arch Toxicol Suppl. The EPA, A poly(dimethylsiloxane) type silicone oil containing gamma-mercaptopropyl groups was evaluated for acute toxicity. In the 2-week studies, groups of five male and five female rats and mice received 2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, or 2-butoxyethanol in the drinking water. Ethylene glycol poisoning is poisoning caused by drinking ethylene glycol. The results of in vitro studies indicate that human red blood cells are not as sensitive as rat red blood cells to the haemolytic effects of 2-butoxyethanol and 2-butoxyacetic acid and also that red blood cells are more sensitive to haemolysis by 2-butoxyacetic acid than to haemolysis by 2-butoxyethanol. (1986). The rates of excretion of the ¹⁴C-labeled parent compound and metabolites by different routes were measured, as well as the amount of ¹⁴C remaining in the carcass. ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER EGM CAUTIONARY RESPONSE INFORMATION Common Synonyms Oily liquid Colorless Mild rancid odor Floats and mixes with water. All rights reserved. (NTP, 1992). 2020 Aug 17;7:100051. doi: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100051. the observations. Rabbit maternal toxicity occurred at 79.2 ppm as transient weight gain reduction during the exposure period. It is not known whether chronic or repeated exposure to ethylene glycol increases the risk of reproductive toxicity or developmental toxicity. MicroRNA profiles in a monkey testicular injury model induced by testicular hyperthermia. 2-Butoxyethanol has moderate acute toxicity and is irritating to the eyes and skin; it is not a skin sensitizer. Based primarily on investigations in experimental animals, the critical health effects associated with exposure to 2-butoxyethanol are alterations in hematological parameters associated with hemolysis and lesions of the forestomach in mice. Ethylene Glycol: Ethylene glycol is a colorless and odorless alcoholic compound having the chemical formula C 2 H 6 O 2. No alterations of the hematology parameters or the morphology of the testes or liver were observed. Many lesions have been described only in morphologic terms and without good clinical histories and laboratory work-ups. Data from animal studies have been examined from the standpoint of dose-response relationships and the sensitivity of various animal species, including man, to the effects of this chemical. EGMEA is rapidly converted to EGME in the body and the two substances are equally toxic in animals. The percutaneous absorption of the commonly used glycol ether 2-butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether) was investigated in 12 exposure experiments with five men. Metabol Open. DGBA (5 mM) was hydrolysed in rat blood to diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DGBE) with a half-life of less than 3 min. The chemical is metabolized primarily via alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, with the formation of 2- butoxyacetaldehyde and 2-butoxyacetic acid, the principal metabolite, although other metabolic pathways have also been identified. Fischer 344 rats exposed for 9 days (6 hr/day) over an 11-day period, to 0 (control), 19, 41, or 84 ppm EGHE had decreased body weight gains and increased liver to body weight values at 84 ppm EGHE. 2.-Butoxyethanol (CAS no. The elimination kinetics of 2-butoxyethanol (ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, EGBE) were studied in the once-through isolated perfused rat liver system in the presence and absence of ethanol. . When applied to the skin of rabbits for 4 h, 2-butoxyethanol caused mild irritation; extending the period of contact increased the severity of irritation, ... EGBE appears more toxic than ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol in animals, A growing body of epidemiologic evidence suggests an association between exposure to cleaning products and respiratory dysfunction. Studies on ethylene glycol alkyl ethers and related compounds administered to mice by oral gavage revealed the occurrence of testicular atrophy and decreased white blood cell count by EGM, … EGM was more effective than EGE, while ethylene glycol mono butyl ether and ethylene glycol mono phenyl ether had but slight effect and EG had no detectable action on testis and leucocytes. The mechanism of ethylene glycol ether reproductive and developmental toxicity and evidence for adverse effects in humans. Diethylene glycol (DEG) is a clear, colorless, odorless liquid with a sweet taste, and is an excellent solvent for water-insoluble chemicals and drugs. Timed pregnant Fischer 344 rats and New Zealand White rabbits were exposed to vapor from ethylene glycol monohexyl ether (EGHE, CAS No. Based on limited data from case reports and one laboratory study, similar acute effects - including haemolytic effects as well as effects on the central nervous system - are observed in humans and rats exposed to 2-butoxyethanol, although the effects are observed at much higher exposure concentrations in humans than in rats. This CICAD on 2-butoxyethanol was based upon reviews prepared by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, 1990) and the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR, 1996). HHS Feces and exhaled CO2 represented minor routes of excretion. 111-76-2) In Support of Summary Information on the . 2-Butoxyethanol (BE) is a massively produced glycol ether of which more than 230 million pounds was produced in the United States in 1983. The average size of the rabbit dermal irritant patch tests was 1.0, indicating that MSMA is a mild irritant to intact skin. 2-Butoxyethanol is readily absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. Urogenital wetness was observed in all EGHE-exposed groups of females and in males of the 71-ppm group. Within the class of glycol ethers, the toxicity varies greatly. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Professional cleaners were found to be exposed to multiple airborne irritants at low concentrations, thus these substances should be considered in investigations of respiratory dysfunctions in the cleaning industry; especially in specialized cleaning tasks such as intensive floor cleaning. This colorless liquid has a sweet, ether-like odor, as it derives from the family of glycol ethers, and is a butyl ether of ethylene glycol. © 2008-2021 ResearchGate GmbH. Avoid contact with liquid. The etiology and pathogenesis of lesions in some conditions is well understood, but in many other entities and in some species, the study of the pathology of the urinary tract is in its infancy. Fundam Appl. The contribution of EGME in relation to other exposure factors in the semiconductor industry is unclear. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology. Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether-induced testicular oxidative stress and time-dependent up-regulation of apoptotic, pro-inflammatory, and oncogenic markers in rats. Transient eye irritation and barely perceptible skin irritation were among, We tried out the potential irritant and sensitizing effect of the main glycol ethers found in industrial and consumer products. Notify local health and pollution control agencies. Data from animal studies have been examined from the standpoint of dose-response relationships and the sensitivity of various animal species, including man, to the effects of this chemical. The subject kept two or four fingers immersed in neat butoxyethanol for 2 h. Arterialized capillary blood samples were collected from the other hand before, during, and up to 4 h after the exposure and analyzed for butoxyethanol by gas chromatography.  |  The glycol ethers methoxyethanol (ME), ethoxyethanol (EE), and butoxyethanol (BE) are widely used in industrial and house-hold products. Personal air samples were collected in 12 cleaning companies, and analyzed by conventional methods. Hepatic oxidative stress, up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic and oncogenic markers following 2-methoxyethanol administrations in rats. Levels of airborne 2-butoxyethanol in occupational settings are typically in the mg/m3 range. Urine was collected for 24 h and analyzed for the metabolite butoxyacetic acid, also by gas chromatography. Early symptoms include intoxication, vomiting and abdominal pain. toxicity was also evaluated for each glycol ether in several in vitro and in vivo assays. Notable observations included loss of coordination, red stained urine, and enlarged discolored kidneys at 867 and 523 ppm. Information on the nature of the peer review and availability of the source documents is presented in Appendix 1. Dermal absorption may contribute substantially to the total uptake following skin contact with liquids or vapours containing EGME or EGMEA. The results showed no delayed. In general, administration in drinking water enhanced the production of ethylene glycol and glycol ether-derived CO2. Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Adeyi OE, Adeshina AA, James AS, Ayodele PF. eCollection 2020 Dec. Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Olushola MO, Omoseebi EO. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER (EGBE) (CAS No. These 95% commercial antifreeze preparations are diluted ~50% with water when used in vehicle cooling systems. Evaluation of workers exposed to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate. In evaluating the hazard that this chemical may pose to man, consideration has been given to likely routes of exposure and its irritant properties. The available information on the acute and subchronic toxicity of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is reviewed. During 2003, the production of EGBE in the European Union was approximately 161,000 tonnes. The subtle hematologic findings of these studies confirm the known RBC perturbations of EGBE. Temporarily unavailable rapidly converted to EGME and EGMEA at unknown, probably high,.! 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