Reg. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. The Geographic Distribution Map of C. capitata (Updated December 2013). Once they begin reproducing indoors, females are able to lay about 500 eggs and the eggs will hatch in as little as 24-30 hours after being deposited by the female. Working off-campus? The extent of yield-loss caused by the pest to cucurbita-ceous vegetables ranges from 30–100%, depending upon cucurbit species and the sea-son (Dhillon et al. The Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata(Wiedemann), is one of the world's most destructive fruit pests. University of Florida (Gainesville), MS thesis. Four major oriental fruit fly infestations in California were eradicated between 1960 and 1997. the fruit fly database held at the Royal Museum for Central Africa, Mguni ( 2013 ) and Manrakhan et al . Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. Unlimited viewing of the article/chapter PDF and any associated supplements and figures. Exotic fruit flies, including the Oriental fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis), carambola fruit fly (B. caramboloe) and Mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens) are highly invasive species that threaten Australia’s fruit production as well as our ability to export to other countries. USDA-APHIS, in cooperation with threatened states, has established action plans that go into effect when fruit flies are trapped and reported (USDA 2008). Wing band color is pale yellow in A. ludens and dark brown in A. Larva (scientific description): The larva of the oriental fruit fly is quite similar to that of the Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) (Berg 1979, Hardy and Adachi 1956, Pruitt 1953). Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. Learn about our remote access options, Institute of Ecology and Geobotany, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China. 20: 395-428. To the south of Guannan, Yuanjiang and Rulin is the annual distribution zone. Figure 9. Environmental Entomology 20: 1732-1736. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. It is native to large parts of tropical Asia, has become established over much of sub-Saharan Africa, and is often intercepted in the United States, sometimes triggering eradication programs. However, avocado, mango and papaya are the most commonly attacked. Steck GJ. Journal of Chemical Ecology 15: 1399-1405. Studies in Hawaiian fruit flies (Diptera, Tephritidae). Other synonyms include Bactrocera invadens Drew, Tsuruta & White, Bactrocera papayae Drew & Hancock, and Bactrocera philippinensis Drew & Hancock (Schutze et al. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Caudal end of larva. The mature larva emerges from the fruit, drops to the ground, and forms a tan to dark brown puparium about 4.9 mm in length. The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), is a key pest of fruit crops in many tropical, subtropical and mild temperate areas worldwide. Larva (general description): The third-instar, which has a typical maggot appearance, is about 10 mm in length and creamy white. Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. Fruit flies will move in anywhere that there is an easy food source. Countries with established infestations include (CABI 1994, Vargas et al. Oriental Fruit Fly Information. Liquido NJ. Head and buccal carinae of larva. II. Other species in the genus Anastrepha including the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens.. Mexican fruit fly, A. ludens has a much longer ovipositor (3.35 - 4.7 mm long in A. ludens). Learn more. All Japanese territories were declared free of the oriental fruit fly in 1985, after an 18-year program of eradication combining insecticide-impregnated fiberblocks or cotton containing the powerful male attractant methyl-eugenol, and the sterile insect (sterile male) technique. Pruitt JH. View the article PDF and any associated supplements and figures for a period of 48 hours. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. Figure 13. We found B. dorsalis to be distributed in 75 countries (comprised of 124 geographical distribution regions: provinces or states) in Asia, Africa, North … There are traps which can be used to detect the presence of fruit fly. Damage associated with this pest is caused by larval feeding in the fruit pulp, which can result in losses of up to 100% if left uncontrolled. The Fruit Flies or Tephritidae of California. 2007. Relationship of sexual maturation rate to response of Oriental fruit fly strains (Diptera: Tephritidae) to methyl eugenol. 1979. The adult flies congregate on foliage and fruit to feed on bacterial colonies and later to mate. Mexican fruit fly adults have been trapped a number of times in California and several infestations have been eradicated from the state. Infestations of 50–80% have been recorded in pear, peach, apricot, fig and other fruits in West Pakistan. 1949. Life Spans of Fruit Flies The life spans of a species of fruit fly have a bell-shaped distribution, with a mean of 33 days and a standard deviation of 4 days. Pictorial Key to Fruit Fly Larvae of the Family Tephritidae. (a) Median: 0.785 (b) … 1951. Adult: The common fruit fly is normally a yellow brown (tan) color, and is only about 3 mm in length and 2 mm in width (Manning 1999, Patterson, et al 1943). Hardy DE. Identification of Fruit Fly Larvae Frequently Intercepted at Ports of Entry of the United States. Figure 6. Foote RH, Blanc FL. Coverage area simply refers to the square footage of space covered by a fruit fly fogger. The trap experiments located in 12 counties of Yunnan indicated that, the geographical distribution of Oriental fruit fly there could be plotted as three distribution zones. The shape of the common fruit fly's body is what one would normally imagine for a species of the order Diptera. The genus Bactrocera includes nearly 600 species, These markings may form a T-shaped pattern, but the pattern varies considerably. Under optimum conditions, a female can lay more than 3,000 eggs during her lifetime, but under field conditions from 1,200 to 1,500 eggs per female is considered to be the usual production. Posterior spiracles and anal lobes of larva. The Mexican fruit fly is found in Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico and Nicaragua. When the fruit fly exclusion zone was withdrawn in Victoria and New South Wales in 2013, B. tryoni became endemic once again in this area and the national distribution of B. tryoni changed. 2007): Asia: Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China (southern), Hong Kong, India (numerous states), Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Ogasawara Islands, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam, Africa: most countries of sub-Saharan Africa have become infested since the first appearance of oriental fruit fly (as Bactrocera invadens) in Kenya in 2003 (Goergen et al. Drew RAI, Courtice AC, Teakle DS. 1. Distribution. There are foggers designed to deliver short insecticide bursts. Mexican fruit fly is one of the world's most destructive invasive pests, attacking more than 40 different kinds of fruits and vegetables. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society 12: 1-161. In Hawaii, larvae were found in more than 125 kinds of hosts. Question: (4 Point) The Thorax Lengths In A Population Of Male Fruit Flies Follow A Normal Distribution With Mean 0.785 Millimeters (rm) And Standard Deviation 0.082 Mm. The above descriptions were from larvae examined in verified samples from Hawaii (in immatures collection of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods). Drawing by Division of Plant Industry. The tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) of the Australasian and Oceanian region. Internac. 2015). The mature larva emerges from the fruit, drops to the ground, and forms a tan to dark brown puparium. In an investigation of fruit-fly behavior, a covered choice chamber is used to test whether the spatial distribution of flies is affected by the presence of a substance placed at one end of the chamber. The color of the fly is very variable, but there are prominant yellow and dark brown to black markings on the thorax. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. Figure 8. In July 2010, fruit flies were discovered in traps in Sacramento and Placer counties. Adults of the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). The full text of this article hosted at iucr.org is unavailable due to technical difficulties. Figure 14. Larva white; typical fruit fly shape (cylindrical-maggot shape, elongate, anterior end narrowed and curved ventrally, with anterior mouth hooks, ventral fusiform areas and flattened caudal end); last instar larvae of average size for family, 7 to 11 mm in length; venter with fusiform areas on segments 4 to 11; anterior buccal carinae relatively short and slender, usually nine to 10 in number; anterior spiracles nearly straight on distal edge, with tubules averaging nine to 11 in number, somewhat globose in appearance. Figure 7. Figure 11. The pest has established itself in the Rio Grande Valley of Southern Texas. If you have previously obtained access with your personal account, please log in. Offices with kitchens and warehouses that ship produce are also likely to have fruit fly infestations. European cherry fruit fly is the most serious pest of cherries in Europe. (2016). 1989. The biology and identification of trypetid larvae (Diptera: Trypetidae). Synonymization of key pest species within the. The oriental fruit fly has been recorded from 478 kinds of fruit and vegetables (USDA 2016), including: apricot, avocado, banana, citrus, coffee, fig, guava, loquat, mango, roseapple, papaya, passion fruit, peach, pear, persimmon, pineapple, surinam cherry and tomato. The fruit fly occurred only during May to December in this area, and completed 2–3 generations in this period. The caudal segment is very smooth. This has occurred in 10 of the previous 17 years, and twice resulted in eradication programs: in Tampa in 2004 and in Miami-Dade County in 2015-2016.Â. As a result of their widespread distribution, pest status, invasive ability and potential impact on market access, B. dorsalis and many other fruit fly species are considered major threats to many countries. Figure 1. Steiner trap used to monitor and control the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel). Armitage HM. Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. Given the life spans of a species of fruit fly have a bell-shaped distribution, with the mean of 33 days and the standard deviation of 4 days. Susceptibility of California fruits and vegetables to attack by the Oriental fruit fly (. Find the Z-score that corresponds to each life span. 2005). Unlimited viewing of the article PDF and any associated supplements and figures. Development from egg to adult under summer conditions requires about 16 days. 1963. Drew RAI. Photograph by Okinawa Prefectural Fruit Fly Eradication Project Office. Figure 3. Goergen G, Vayssières J-F, Gnanvossou D, Tindo M. 2011. The ovipositor is very slender and sharply pointed. Photograph by Scott Bauer, USDA. In heavily infested areas, the fly can destroy up to 100 percent of cherry and other host plants if left uncontrolled. Sanidad. The following characters, in particular, distinguish larvae of the oriental fruit fly from the medfly (Heppner 1985): the anterior spiracles are aligned with a straighter distal margin than in the medfly and the tubules (9-11) are noticeably bulbous; the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton has a distinct sclerotized area between the post-hypostomial plates and the dorsal bridge; the caudal end has papillules I1-2 as distinct points, widely separated, on a raised margin, and D1-2 are less approximate; and the posterior spiracles are not as elongated (only about 3X width compared to 4-5X width in the medfly). If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, In elevation, the Oriental fruit fly was trapped at altitude of 500–2300 m above sea level, in which high trap catches appeared between 500–1000 m. It is proposed that the variations of the fruit fly distribution in altitude and latitude are principally correlated with local temperatures and host plants. It is the principal pest of mangoes in the Philippines. Most fruits can be affected including peaches, oranges, apples, pears, tomatoes and capsicums. The only band of spinules encircling the body is found on the first segment. Figure 5. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. : the white, elongate and elliptical egg measures about 1.17 x 0.21 mm and a... ( Tephritidae, Diptera ) to technical difficulties PDF and any associated supplements and figures and,. 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