[41] The districts are further divided into 69 subdivisions, 78 blocks and 145 Tehsils. The main cereals grown in the state are wheat, maize, rice and barley. [124] The state has a female literacy rate of around 76%. (Yamuna, Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Himurja), 237,250 persons, annual expenditure: over, Employment generated in government sector, Bhanupali (Punjab) - Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, This page was last edited on 9 January 2021, at 11:59. Auxiliary authorities known as panchayats, for which local body elections are regularly held, govern local affairs. [30][31][32][33] The state also has 30 wildlife sanctuaries and 3 conservation reserves. So almost all major crops are grown here; comprising maize, wheat and rice food crops, accounting more than 50 percent of its total agriculture production and ginger, potato, mushroom and fruits are non- food crops. For Himachal Pradesh’s apple growers, this should have been the best possible year. After the winter season, the hillsides and orchards bloom with wild flowers, while gladiolas, carnations, marigolds,[27] roses, chrysanthemums, tulips and lilies are carefully cultivated. However, the Nepali army could not capture Kangra fort which came under Maharaja Ranjeet Singh in 1809. The present study, therefore, was carried out to study the impact of crop diversification on cropping pattern, resource use, income and employment in Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh. [78] It is an electrified track since 1999. Onion Farming Information Guide for Beginners. [6] Sanskrit is the additional official language of the state,[7] though it is largely restricted to educational and symbolic use. SHIMLA: Farmers in tiny hamlets dotted over Himalayan peaks of the landlocked Lahaul Valley of Himachal Pradesh are not in high spirits amid the pandemic with government plans to promote contract farming of the highly remunerative barley for making malt whiskey have gone awry, at least this year. The Manali hill agriculture mainly consists of extensive fruit plantations. It is the main source of income as well as employment in Himachal. The main cereals grown in the state are wheat, maize, rice and barley. [130] CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalya Palampur is one of the most renowned hill agriculture institutes in the world. Himachal Pradesh. The British territories came under the British Crown after Queen Victoria's proclamation of 1858. Maize- Maize is the most important food crops of the state concentrated in the rainfed areas. These kingdoms enjoyed a large degree of independence and were invaded by Delhi Sultanate a number of times. The area under apple has increased from 400 hectares in 1950-51 to 88,560 hectares on 2005-06 Muslims are mainly concentrated in Sirmaur, Chamba, Una and Solan districts where they form 2.53-6.27% of the population. At 6,816 m, Reo Purgyil is the highest mountain peak in the state of Himachal Pradesh. However, agriculture in the state suffers from certain limitations, especially in the production of … [56] The main cereals grown include wheat, maize, rice and barley with major cropping systems being maize-wheat, rice-wheat and maize-potato-wheat. [57][58] Pulses, fruits, vegetables and oilseeds are among the other crops grown in the state. Locally, it is called the Land of the Gods because of some popular Hindu temples of Hindu deities. To address this, a workshop on ‘Endangered Medicinal Plant Species in Himachal Pradesh’ was held in 2002 and the conference was attended by forty experts from diverse disciplines. It occupies about 32% of the total geographical area and about 37% of the cultivated area of the State. [97][98], Hinduism is the major religion in Himachal Pradesh. [28], Himachal Pradesh has around 463 bird,[29] 77 mammalian, 44 reptile and 80 fish species. Among the cereals, wheat, rice, maize, and barley are important. Apple growers say rates crashed around mid-September. [11] According to a survey of CMS – India Corruption Study 2017, Himachal Pradesh is India's least corrupt state. Sign in|Recent Site Activity|Report Abuse|Print Page|Powered By Google Sites. [49] As of 2018, Himachal is the 22nd-largest state economy in India with ₹1.52 lakh crore (US$21 billion) in gross domestic product and has the 13th-highest per capita income (₹160,000 (US$2,200)) among the states and union territories of India. Further, state-run Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College was inaugurated in 2006 at Sundernagar. Himachal has three Domestic Airports in Kangra, Kullu and Shimla districts. Shimla: Himachal Pradesh’s farmers have been traditionally credited with turning the state’s rugged mountain valleys into India’s best farming hubs, and with bringing in the apple revolution and high-yield cash crops. In India, forty two species of different pests have been reported on this crop (Reddy and Kumar, 2004). [84] Some roads are closed during winter and monsoon seasons due to snow and landslides. [18], The drainage system of Himachal is composed both of rivers and glaciers. 17200l, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh. Abstract Main purpose of the study is to determine the cost structure, profit margin and returns to scale of foodgrain crops. [128], The standard of education in the state has reached a considerably high level as compared to other states in India[127] with several reputed educational institutes for higher studies. Timur and Sikander Lodi also marched through the lower hills of the state and captured a number of forts and fought many battles. [47][48] The state government's advance estimates for fiscal 2017–18 stated the total GDP and per capita income as ₹1.359 trillion and ₹158,462, respectively. Himachal is also known for its adventure tourism activities like ice skating in Shimla, paragliding in Bir Billing and Solang valley, rafting in Kullu, skiing in Manali, boating in Bilaspur and trekking, horse riding and fishing in different parts in the state. Almost 90% of the state's population lives in rural areas. While higher levels of education do reflect a gender-based disparity, Himachal is still significantly ahead of other states at bridging the gap. Maize, wheat paddy are covered under MSP but this year farmer is getting between Rs 1,000-1,200 per quintal for maize as against Rs 1,850 per quintal MSP. The Council of Ministers reports to the Legislative Assembly. These rivers are perennial and are fed by snow and rainfall. [17], Himachal became a Part 'C' state on 26 January 1950 with the implementation of the Constitution of India and the Lieutenant Governor was appointed. [15], Himachal is in the western Himalayas. Himachal Pradesh. [120] By 2011, the literacy rate surged to over 82%,[121][5] making Himachal one of the most-literate states in the country. Himachal Pradesh shares borders with the Union territories of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh to the north, and the states of Punjab to the west, Haryana to the southwest, and Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh to the south. The judiciary is composed of the Himachal Pradesh High Court and a system of lower courts. The state has road network of 28,208 kilometres (17,528 mi),[83] including eight National Highways (NH) that constitute 1,234 kilometres (767 mi) and 19 State Highways with a total length of 1,625 kilometres (1,010 mi). It is having mild temperate climate. [52] The GDP for fiscal 2015–16 was estimated at ₹1.110 trillion,[47] which increased to ₹1.247 trillion in 2016–17, recording growth of 6.8%. The Legislative Assembly was elected in 1952. [30] Great Himalayan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and Pin Valley National Park are the national Parks located in the state. Fields lay unsown due to delayed monsoon in Karsog valley, near Mandi in Himachal Pradesh. They came into direct conflict with the British along the tarai belt after which the British expelled them from the provinces of the Satluj. There is no check on private players to purchase it on MSP. Winter lasts from late November till mid-March. [15] The British gradually emerged as the paramount power in the region. HIMALAYAN ORGANIC AGRICULTURE RESEARCH AND EVELOPMENT (HIMOARD) Khaneri Rampur Bsr. [104], The Hindu communities residing in Himachal include the Brahmins, Kayasthas, Rajputs, Sunars, Kannets, Rathis and Kolis. Himachal is known for its narrow-gauge railways. Himachal Pradesh ranks fifth in the production of maize, after Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Punjab and Rajasthan. [105][106], Himachal is well known for its handicrafts. [60] The apple cultivation constitute 49 per cent of the total area under fruit crops and 85% of total fruit production in the state with an estimated economy of ₹3500 crore. The recent spell of hailstorm in Himachal Pradesh and its nearby areas has battered various vegetables and fruit crops, hampering the income prospects of scores of farmers. (Srishti Choudhary/Mint) Himachal Pradesh farmers turn to maize as erratic monsoon casts shadow on crops The State itself is a post-independence creation. These were known as the Simla Hills States and four Punjab southern hill states under the Himachal Pradesh (Administration) Order, 1948 under Sections 3 and 4 of the Extra-Provincial Jurisdiction Act, 1947 (later renamed as the Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1947 vide A.O. After a brief period of supremacy by King Harshavardhana, the region was divided into several local powers headed by chieftains, including some Rajputs principalities. [114][115] The Kullu Dussehra festival is nationally known. Sunshine on a snowy mountain at Himachal Pradesh. Ph: 01782-233643 (o), Cell: 09418034928, Email: drrsminhas@gmail.com , drrshimla@gmail.com Contact: Dr. R.S. The state was declared India's second open-defecation-free state in 2016. The Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technologies, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Indian Institute of Management Sirmaur, Himachal Pradesh University in Shimla, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamsala, National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, Indian Institute of Information Technology Una, Alakh Prakash Goyal University, Maharaja Agrasen University, Himachal Pradesh National Law University are some of the notable universities in the state. III, 2009) Department of Agriculture (H.P.) 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